Electrical protection systems must be able to shut off the current very rapidly in order to protect equipment against short circuits. This is one, but not the only reason why fuses rank well ahead of competing electrical protection devices. We explain why in the following article.
Thermal effects lie at the heart of how a fuse operates. Inside the body of a fuse (see diagram), the specially developed metal fuse element is designed to melt when the current exceeds a certain level. No external manifestation occurs because the electric arc resulting from the fusion remains inside the fuse, and the energy is absorbed by the sand filler, which turns into glass as a result of the heat.
Though simple on the face of things, fuses are actually highly sophisticated. While the physical principle underpinning how they work never changes, improvements are constantly being made and are studied as part of permanent research programs, focused notably on the following points:
There are thus thousands of models of fuses, each one designed for the particular characteristics of the electrical equipment it protects and tailored to meet the local standards.
If we had to spotlight just one property of a fuse, it would be its exceptionally rapid action when a problem occurs. A few milliseconds are sufficient to eliminate a short circuit completely.
But that is not its sole strength. Exceptional breaking capacity (up to 300,000A for certain industrial fuses), the safety they provide for installations and people, owing to the way in which they operate, the quality of the current they guarantee and indeed their cost and ease of maintenance make them a crucial weapon in the electrical protection armory.
Factoring in their undeniable economic benefits vis-a?-vis their total cost of ownership (acquisition, installation and maintenance), it is easy to understand why fuses are used very widely in industrial installations, from straightforward low-voltage distribution panels through to highly expensive power electronic equipments (rectifiers, inverters, speed controllers), the shut-off times of which have to be minimized.
Mersen is the world leader in the fuse-based protection of electrical circuits and installations. Thanks to what is the currently widest range of products in terms of standards catered to and its unique global reach, the Group is present in all applications and in all markets, notably thanks to the research and development drive that it is implementing at its labs around the world.